Evidence
Where all of this came from.
39 reference records rest on 224 published pages, and 109 of those come from state and provincial natural-resources departments. That suits a set of records about what lives in the water those departments survey. The rest is federal survey work, university and extension guides, and interagency reports. The counts are below. Every reviewed line sits behind a record or a search, with the sources standing behind its record.
How to read this
A line is cited as precisely as someone checked it.
Where a reviewer traced a line to the pages that carry it, the line names those pages and, when the evidence is narrower than the record, where it comes from — one coast, one lake, one region. 605 of 1049 of the lines below are traced that way. The rest show the sources standing behind their whole record, marked “record’s sources”, because nobody has yet checked which page carried which line, and printing a single citation there would be a mapping nobody made.
National
52
A federal or national government body — USGS, NOAA, EPA, the Fish and Wildlife Service, the Park Service, Fisheries and Oceans Canada.
State
109
A state, provincial or commonwealth natural-resources department. Most of this carrier rests here, which suits it: these are the bodies that survey the water the records describe.
Interagency
12
A commission or joint survey run across several agencies, such as the Great Lakes Fishery Commission's forage task groups.
University
45
A university research programme, cooperative extension service or Sea Grant office. Published work, but not the agency that manages the water.
Journal
6
A peer-reviewed paper, or a curated scientific register such as the World Register of Marine Species. Added with the 2026-09-25 evidence review, which went to the primary study where no agency page said what a claim needed.
Probe leftovers
What the weekly check could not treat as ordinary.
These addresses are still the citations. The check named what it saw. None of them is a gone page in the MISIN sense, so the records were not rewritten to hide a redirect, a timeout, or a bot wall.
Iowa DNR — BluegillMoved
The cited address answers through a permanent redirect. GET on the page that lands still names Bluegill.
A same-site move that still names the animal is not the MISIN case. The citation stays until a reviewer reads the new address into the record.
CASG — market squidUnreachable from this network
The California Sea Grant market-squid page times out from the probe network.
NOAA still covers the same animal on this record. The CASG address stays; a timeout is not a reason to drop a citation.
Mass.gov — menhaden and longfin squidRefused the probe
Both creature-feature pages answered 403 from the probe network.
A bot wall is not evidence the page is gone. The citations stay; the weekly check does not fail the build on unverifiable.
Michigan DNR — crayfish identification PDFRefused the probe
The cited PDF answered 403 from the probe network.
A refused PDF is not a 404. The citation stays on the crayfish record until a reviewer can open it.
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute — silversidesRefused the probe
The Menidia page answered 500 from the probe network.
A 500 is not a 404, and it is not a 403. The citation stays.
Claims
Every reviewed line in the app.
Caddisfly →32 lines
- What you can seelarva may be associated with a portable case, a fixed retreat, or no case at all (free-living and net-spinning forms are common)NMSU-EXT-CR677-BENTHIC, MDC-CADDISFLIES, NCSU-ENT425-TRICHOPTERA, MACROINVERTEBRATES-ORG-HYDROPSYCHE
- What you can seehardened head and part of the thorax with a softer, often worm-like abdomenWV-DEP-BENTHIC-GUIDE, NCSU-ENT425-TRICHOPTERA
- What you can seethree pairs of thoracic legs bunched near the headWV-DEP-BENTHIC-GUIDE, MDC-CADDISFLIES
- What you can seeterminal prolegs or hooks at the rear that grip rock, debris, or the caseNOAA-GLERL-WATER-LIFE-FIELD-GUIDE, NCSU-ENT425-TRICHOPTERA
- What you can seepupal stage precedes the winged adultNCSU-ENT425-TRICHOPTERA
- What you can seehairy wings held tent-like or inverted-V over the body when at restNOAA-GLERL-WATER-LIFE-FIELD-GUIDE, NCSU-ENT425-TRICHOPTERA
- What argues against itthree tail filaments point away from caddis larvarecord’s sources
- What argues against ita winged insect near water is not sufficient for a caddis identificationrecord’s sources
- What argues against itupright sailboat wings and long tails point toward mayflyNOAA-GLERL-WATER-LIFE-FIELD-GUIDE, MDC-MAYFLIES
- What argues against itwings held flat and parallel along the body favor stonefly adult over caddisNOAA-GLERL-WATER-LIFE-FIELD-GUIDE, NCSU-ENT425-PLECOPTERA
- What argues against ittwo long tails on a nymph without case or terminal hooks favors stonefly or mayflyrecord’s sources
- What argues against itlarge robust larva with prominent lateral filaments and strong mandibles favors hellgrammite over caddisMDC-HELLGRAMMITE
- Declared limitCase-building behavior varies and absence of a visible case does not rule out caddis.NMSU-EXT-CR677-BENTHIC, MDC-CADDISFLIES
- Declared limitThis preview does not claim a current emergence or recommend a specific pattern.record’s sources
- Declared limitBroad group only; many families exist.record’s sources
- Size bandlarva: 3-40 (often 13-25 with case) mmWV-DEP-BENTHIC-GUIDE, MDC-CADDISFLIES, NMSU-EXT-CR677-BENTHIC
- Size bandadult: 4-38 mmMDC-CADDISFLIES
- Water typeriverrecord’s sources
- Water typestreamrecord’s sources
- Water typelake-marginrecord’s sources
- Life stagelarvarecord’s sources
- Life stagepuparecord’s sources
- Life stageadultrecord’s sources
- Where it sitssubsurface (larva/pupa)record’s sources
- Where it sitssurface or near-surface (emergence)record’s sources
- Where it sitsresting with tent wingsrecord’s sources
- How it movescrawling with caserecord’s sources
- How it movesswimming puparecord’s sources
- How it movesfluttering adult flightrecord’s sources
- How it movescase-draggingrecord’s sources
- Sources disagree[object Object]record’s sources
- Sources disagree[object Object]record’s sources
- NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research LaboratoryNOAA-GLERL-WATER-LIFE-FIELD-GUIDE · National · read 2026-08-06
- New Mexico State University ExtensionNMSU-EXT-CR677-BENTHIC · University · read 2026-09-06
- West Virginia Department of Environmental ProtectionWV-DEP-BENTHIC-GUIDE · State · read 2026-08-24
- Missouri Department of ConservationMDC-CADDISFLIES · State · read 2026-09-25
- North Carolina State UniversityNCSU-ENT425-TRICHOPTERA · University · read 2026-09-25
- Carnegie Museum of Natural History and Clemson University (macroinvertebrates.org)MACROINVERTEBRATES-ORG-HYDROPSYCHE · University · read 2026-09-25
- U.S. Geological SurveyUSGS-HYDROPSYCHE-REGULATED-RIVERS · National · read 2026-09-25
- Missouri Department of ConservationMDC-MAYFLIES · State · read 2026-09-25
- North Carolina State UniversityNCSU-ENT425-PLECOPTERA · University · read 2026-09-25
- Missouri Department of ConservationMDC-HELLGRAMMITE · State · read 2026-08-06
- Maine Department of Environmental ProtectionMAINE-DEP-STONEFLY · State · read 2026-08-06
- North American Benthological Society (Journal of the North American Benthological Society; Li, Johnson & Sobota 2011)JNABS-AUTUMN-EMERGING-INSECTS · Journal · read 2026-09-25
The pages themselves
All 224, and what each one is holding up.
- Carnegie Museum of Natural History and Clemson University (macroinvertebrates.org)
MACROINVERTEBRATES-ORG-HYDROPSYCHE
- Maine Department of Environmental Protection
MAINE-DEP-STONEFLY
- Missouri Department of Conservation
MDC-CADDISFLIES
- Missouri Department of Conservation
MDC-HELLGRAMMITE
- Missouri Department of Conservation
MDC-MAYFLIES
- New Mexico State University Extension
NMSU-EXT-CR677-BENTHIC
- NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory
NOAA-GLERL-WATER-LIFE-FIELD-GUIDE
- North Carolina State University
NCSU-ENT425-PLECOPTERA
- North Carolina State University
NCSU-ENT425-TRICHOPTERA
- U.S. Geological Survey
USGS-HYDROPSYCHE-REGULATED-RIVERS
- West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection
WV-DEP-BENTHIC-GUIDE
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