Evidence
Where all of this came from.
39 reference records rest on 224 published pages, and 109 of those come from state and provincial natural-resources departments. That suits a set of records about what lives in the water those departments survey. The rest is federal survey work, university and extension guides, and interagency reports. The counts are below. Every reviewed line sits behind a record or a search, with the sources standing behind its record.
How to read this
A line is cited as precisely as someone checked it.
Where a reviewer traced a line to the pages that carry it, the line names those pages and, when the evidence is narrower than the record, where it comes from — one coast, one lake, one region. 605 of 1049 of the lines below are traced that way. The rest show the sources standing behind their whole record, marked “record’s sources”, because nobody has yet checked which page carried which line, and printing a single citation there would be a mapping nobody made.
National
52
A federal or national government body — USGS, NOAA, EPA, the Fish and Wildlife Service, the Park Service, Fisheries and Oceans Canada.
State
109
A state, provincial or commonwealth natural-resources department. Most of this carrier rests here, which suits it: these are the bodies that survey the water the records describe.
Interagency
12
A commission or joint survey run across several agencies, such as the Great Lakes Fishery Commission's forage task groups.
University
45
A university research programme, cooperative extension service or Sea Grant office. Published work, but not the agency that manages the water.
Journal
6
A peer-reviewed paper, or a curated scientific register such as the World Register of Marine Species. Added with the 2026-09-25 evidence review, which went to the primary study where no agency page said what a claim needed.
Probe leftovers
What the weekly check could not treat as ordinary.
These addresses are still the citations. The check named what it saw. None of them is a gone page in the MISIN sense, so the records were not rewritten to hide a redirect, a timeout, or a bot wall.
Iowa DNR — BluegillMoved
The cited address answers through a permanent redirect. GET on the page that lands still names Bluegill.
A same-site move that still names the animal is not the MISIN case. The citation stays until a reviewer reads the new address into the record.
CASG — market squidUnreachable from this network
The California Sea Grant market-squid page times out from the probe network.
NOAA still covers the same animal on this record. The CASG address stays; a timeout is not a reason to drop a citation.
Mass.gov — menhaden and longfin squidRefused the probe
Both creature-feature pages answered 403 from the probe network.
A bot wall is not evidence the page is gone. The citations stay; the weekly check does not fail the build on unverifiable.
Michigan DNR — crayfish identification PDFRefused the probe
The cited PDF answered 403 from the probe network.
A refused PDF is not a 404. The citation stays on the crayfish record until a reviewer can open it.
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute — silversidesRefused the probe
The Menidia page answered 500 from the probe network.
A 500 is not a 404, and it is not a 403. The citation stays.
Claims
Every reviewed line in the app.
Shrimp (grass and penaeid) →24 lines
- What you can seeA pointed, serrated blade over the eyes — the rostrum, with teeth along its edgesCBP-GRASS-SHRIMP, SCDNR-GRASS-SHRIMPEvidence from: Estuarine grass shrimp (Palaemon/Palaemonetes pugio and vulgaris)
- What you can seeGrass shrimp are near-transparent: the female's egg mass shows straight through the bodyCBP-GRASS-SHRIMP, SCDNR-GRASS-SHRIMPEvidence from: Estuarine grass shrimp (Palaemon/Palaemonetes pugio and vulgaris)
- What you can seeColoured pigment in the eyestalks — orange in one common grass shrimp, yellow in the otherCBP-GRASS-SHRIMP, SCDNR-GRASS-SHRIMPEvidence from: Estuarine grass shrimp (Palaemon/Palaemonetes pugio and vulgaris)
- What you can seeSmall claws on the first two (grass shrimp) or three (penaeid) pairs of walking legs, nothing like a crayfish's single pair of big pincersCBP-GRASS-SHRIMP, NOAA-SHRIMP-LEAFLET-366, MDC-CRAYFISHEvidence from: Grass shrimp and penaeid shrimp
- What you can seeSegmented body, flattened side to side, with a tail fan behindCBP-GRASS-SHRIMP, SCDNR-GRASS-SHRIMPEvidence from: Estuarine grass shrimp (Palaemon/Palaemonetes pugio and vulgaris)
- What argues against itClaws on the first TWO pairs of walking legs is a grass shrimp; claws on the first THREE of five pairs is a penaeid shrimp — this is the cleanest separation any source statesCBP-GRASS-SHRIMP, NOAA-SHRIMP-LEAFLET-366, SCDNR-GRASS-SHRIMPEvidence from: Grass shrimp and penaeid shrimp
- What argues against itUnder about 13 mm, flattened side to side, swimming on its side and living on rather than in the bottom, points to an amphipod or scudUMCES-GAMMARUSEvidence from: Most amphipods ('though exceptions exist')
- What argues against itOne pair of pincers far larger than the walking legs, and a tail fan flattened top to bottom, is a crayfishMDC-CRAYFISHEvidence from: Missouri crayfishes vs freshwater shrimp
- What argues against itAn egg-shaped shell with no claws on the front legs, going into the sand tail first, is a mole crab, not a shrimpFWC-MOLE-CRABEvidence from: Florida mole crab (Emerita talpoida)
- Declared limitNo source consulted describes how a grass shrimp swims, hovers or escapes. The movement line here is the only behaviour any consulted source states.CBP-GRASS-SHRIMP, SCDNR-GRASS-SHRIMP, TPWD-GRASS-SHRIMP, USGS-PALAEMONETES-PALUDOSUSEvidence from: Estuarine grass shrimp (Palaemon/Palaemonetes pugio and vulgaris)
- Declared limitSize is stated two ways for the same animal: about 38 mm in the Chesapeake account and rarely larger than 50 mm in the South Carolina one. Different waters and different phrasings; the band spans both.CBP-GRASS-SHRIMP, SCDNR-GRASS-SHRIMPEvidence from: Estuarine grass shrimp (Palaemon/Palaemonetes pugio and vulgaris)
- Declared limitNo source consulted gives a total leg-pair count for grass shrimp.CBP-GRASS-SHRIMP, SCDNR-GRASS-SHRIMP, USGS-PALAEMONETES-PALUDOSUSEvidence from: Estuarine grass shrimp (Palaemon/Palaemonetes pugio and vulgaris)
- Declared limitThe claim that grass shrimp swarm or run on a particular tide in a way an angler can time is stated by no source consulted.record’s sources
- Size bandyoung-of-year: 10-140 (grass shrimp under about 20; penaeids below spawning size, 84-140) mmUSGS-PALAEMONETES-PALUDOSUS, NOAA-PINK-SHRIMP, NOAA-WHITE-SHRIMPEvidence from: Grass shrimp and penaeid shrimp
- Size bandadult: 20-203 (grass shrimp about 20-50; penaeids to 7-8 in, pink shrimp a little more) mmCBP-GRASS-SHRIMP, SCDNR-GRASS-SHRIMP, USGS-PALAEMONETES-PALUDOSUS, NOAA-WHITE-SHRIMP, NOAA-PINK-SHRIMPEvidence from: Grass shrimp and penaeid shrimp
- Water typeinshorerecord’s sources
- Water typenearshorerecord’s sources
- Life stageyoung-of-yearrecord’s sources
- Life stageadultrecord’s sources
- Where it sitsamong submerged grass beds, cordgrass and oyster shellSCDNR-GRASS-SHRIMP, TPWD-GRASS-SHRIMP, CBP-GRASS-SHRIMPEvidence from: Estuarine grass shrimp (Palaemon/Palaemonetes pugio and vulgaris)
- Where it sitsshallow estuarine water; in Chesapeake Bay, grass shrimp may move to warmer, deeper water in winterCBP-GRASS-SHRIMPEvidence from: Chesapeake Bay
- Where it sitsgrass shrimp on the bottom among submerged vegetation; pink shrimp bury in the bottom by daySCDNR-GRASS-SHRIMP, NOAA-PINK-SHRIMPEvidence from: Grass shrimp and penaeid shrimp
- How it movesamong the cordgrass at high tide, where transparency makes them nearly invisibleTPWD-GRASS-SHRIMPEvidence from: Texas salt marsh
- Sources disagreeThe agency pages consulted (Chesapeake Bay Program, South Carolina DNR, USGS) still use Palaemonetes; the World Register of Marine Species now lists these grass shrimp as Palaemon pugio and Palaemon vulgaris.record’s sources
- Chesapeake Bay ProgramCBP-GRASS-SHRIMP · Interagency · read 2026-09-04
- South Carolina Department of Natural ResourcesSCDNR-GRASS-SHRIMP · State · read 2026-09-04
- Texas Parks & Wildlife DepartmentTPWD-GRASS-SHRIMP · State · read 2026-09-04
- U.S. Geological SurveyUSGS-PALAEMONETES-PALUDOSUS · National · read 2026-09-04
- NOAA Scientific Publications OfficeNOAA-SHRIMP-LEAFLET-366 · National · read 2026-09-04
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceUMCES-GAMMARUS · University · read 2026-09-04
- NOAA FisheriesNOAA-WHITE-SHRIMP · National · read 2026-09-25
- NOAA FisheriesNOAA-PINK-SHRIMP · National · read 2026-09-25
- World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS)WORMS-PALAEMON-PUGIO · Journal · read 2026-09-25
- Missouri Department of ConservationMDC-CRAYFISH · State · read 2026-09-02
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation CommissionFWC-MOLE-CRAB · State · read 2026-09-04
The pages themselves
All 224, and what each one is holding up.
- Chesapeake Bay Program
CBP-GRASS-SHRIMP
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
FWC-MOLE-CRAB
- Missouri Department of Conservation
MDC-CRAYFISH
- NOAA Fisheries
NOAA-PINK-SHRIMP
- NOAA Fisheries
NOAA-WHITE-SHRIMP
- NOAA Scientific Publications Office
NOAA-SHRIMP-LEAFLET-366
- South Carolina Department of Natural Resources
SCDNR-GRASS-SHRIMP
- Texas Parks & Wildlife Department
TPWD-GRASS-SHRIMP
- U.S. Geological Survey
USGS-PALAEMONETES-PALUDOSUS
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science
UMCES-GAMMARUS
- World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS)
WORMS-PALAEMON-PUGIO
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